Small Industries Service Institute, Margao-Goa was assigned preparation of State Industrial Profile under the Action Plan Activities for the year 2000-2001. The State Industrial Profile has been prepared after collecting, collating and compiling all relevant information and data, which have been duly analysed and incorporated in the profile. The Profile contains such information as Present Status of Industries in the SSI Sector and its growth over the years, Industrial Infrastructure Facilities, Concessions and Incentives offered to Small Scale Industries from the Central Govt., and the Govt. of Goa, Forest, Mineral, Marine, Livestock Resources etc., Role and performance of State and Central Govt., Agencies including Financial Institutions and Banks, Scope for new industries etc and the draft New Industrial Policy of the Govt., of Goa. The Profile provides vivid information on these areas. Entrepreneurs, Developmental agencies and Policy Making Bodies shall find the Profile informative and useful.

I would like to place on record the hard and dedicated effort put by Shri Shivanand F. Bachagundi, SIPO(EI), in preparing this Profile.

Sd/-

R K SARKAR

Director

Margao

12-06-2001

  Goa, the 25^th state of the Union of India with a geographical area of 3702 sq. kms, is one of the smallest states of the Indian union. The state lies along the Western Coast (Konkan Coast) 600 kms., South of Bombay and 300 kms., north of Mangalore. The state is bounded on the north by the river Teracol, which separates it from Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra State; in the east and south by Belgaum and Utthar Kannada districts of Karnataka State respectively; and in the west by Arabian SEa.

The physiographic characteristics are rich and varied consisting of verdant hills, forests, coconut groves and rich fields. The soil in general is laterite.

The climate of Goa State is warm and humid. During June-September months heavy rainfall is received from the southwest monsoon which ranges between 3000 mm to 3400 mm. The temperature ranges from 22⁰C during summer months

For administrative convenience, the state is divided into two districts viz. North Goa and South Goa, each under the administrative control of District Collector. The districts are further divided into 11 talukas i.e. 6 under North Goa district and 5 under South Goa district for the sake of revenue administration, each headed by a Mamlatdar. For developmental purposes, the state of Goa is divided into 10 community development blocks each headed by a Block Development Officer. There are 185 village panchayats in the state.

The state of Goa with a geographical area of 3702 sq. kms has a population of 11,68,622 as per 1991 census. Out of this, 5,93,563 are males and 5,75,059 are females. Sex ratio has been found 964 females for 1000 males. Density of population of the state is 316. The overall Literacy rate is 79.96%. Literacy among males is 85,48% and 68.20% among females. As per State Government estimate for the year 1997-98, the male literacy is 83.6% where as the corresponding figure for the females is 67.09%. Goa is second only to Kerala as far as literacy rate is concerned. Decennial (1981-91) growth rate of population of the state is 16.86%, which is one of the lowest among all the states. The number of main workers is about 3.82 lakhs, which is 32.72% of the total population, whereas marginal workers account for 29,264 i.e. 2.5% of the total workforce. Cultivators account for 14.7% and agricultural labourers account for 9.20% of the total work force. Household industry is 3.38% while a substantial portion of labour force i.e. 72.65% is engaged in manufacturing, construction, mining, transport & communication, plantation, livestock, fishing etc.

By employing about 21% of the total work force, agriculture is one of the dominant economic activities of the state. As per the state Govt. estimates for 1999-2000, out of the total reporting area of 361113 hectares, 171456 hectares i.e. 40% of the area is under cultivation of various crops. Paddy, coconut, cashewnut, cereals, millets, jawar, areca nuts, sugarcane, etc. are the important crops of the state. Contribution of agriculture along with live stock to the Net Domestic Product (NDP) of the state, as per the Economic Survey 2001 conducted by the State Govt. is only 15%. The decline in contribution from primary sector is attributed to static agricultural production decline in fish catch, falling output from forest sector etc. Goa State is heavily depending on neighbouring states for food grain, cereals, vegetables, etc.

The Salaulim dam provides irrigation to a command area of 11,749 hectares in south Goa. Anjunem irrigation project provides irrigation facilities to 2100 hectares. The Tillari dam under construction, as joint venture between the State of Goa and the State of Maharashtra is expected to irrigate 16,978 hectares of land in North Goa.

The state of Goa is rich in mineral resources like iron ore, ferro manganese, and manganese. The mines were allotted by a Portugal decree. These were later cancelled and converted into leases in 1987. The total area leased out for mining is 31810 hectares and an area of 8172.66 hectares is in operation. The iron ore deposits of the state are estimated to be about 1982.5 million tons as on March 1997. The annual iron ore production of the state is about 17.62 million tons and accounts for more than one third of the country’s production of this material. Export of iron ore brings valuable foreign exchange to the tune of Rs. 915.82 crores (1997-98) per year to the country. As per estimates of 1999. 153.60 lakh tons of iron ore, is exported. While export of other minerals is not much, say, 0.15 lakh tons of Manganese ore (1997), 0.58 lakh tons of ferro manganese and 0.80 lakh tons of pallets. It also provides employment to large number of work force. The production of ferro manganese as on March 1998 and that of Bauxite is 28,000 tons is reported to be 20178 tons.

The state of Goa has made great strides in manufacturing sector. Due to the availability of infrastructure facilities at a cheaper cost, disciplined and educated labour force and liberal incentives and concessions offered by state and Central Governments, a number of entrepreneurs from within and outside the state have established large, medium and small scale units in the state. There are about 100 large and medium scale units and 949 registered small-scale units in Goa as on March 2000 producing a variety of products. The value of production of industrial sector is estimated to be about Rs.60,000 lakhs. Employment in this sector is more than 40000. The contribution of manufacturing sector is estimated to be 25% to the NDP, as per the Economic Survey Report, 2000-20001.

Fishing is an important economic activity of the state. The state of Goa being located in the West Coast of India has a coastline extending over 100 kms. and inland waterways of another 250 kms rich in marine wealth. Prawns, the valuable foreign exchange earner, mackerels, sardines, etc. are available in plenty in Goa coast. The total fish catch for the year 1998-99 has been estimated by the state Government at 60075 M. tons valued at Rs. 7,860 lakhs. The corresponding figure for inland fish catch is 3304 tons and Rs. 1156 lakhs respectively. A few more small-scale units based on fisheries resources like salt curing of mackerels, fish meal, fish oils, dehydration of fishes etc. may be considered for the state.

The state of Goa is endowed with rich forests. 1224.38 sq. kms or 29% of the total geographical area of the state is under forests. State Government has banned cutting trees and prohibited poaching in forests as a measure to conserve forests. Wood based industries are not encouraged in this state. There are 483 registered small-scale units manufacturing various wood based products as on March 2000.

Goa is perhaps one of the few states in the country where the tertiary sector has developed faster than primary and secondary sectors. The state has well-developed transport and communication facilities. Roadways are comparatively well developed throughout the state with proper linkages. National Highway No. 17 linking Cochin and Bombay passes through the state connecting major towns. The recently commissioned Konkan Railway connecting Bombay to Mangalore traverses the entire length of the state, which is considered as a blessing to the state especially to the growth of trade & industry. The Rajadhani Express between Trivandrum and Delhi via Goa has also started with a frequency of twice in a week. The meter gauge rail between Castlerock to Mormugao-a distance of 79 kms has already converted to broad gauge. Train services have been resumed on this track, with a daily train to Delhi form Vasco and another train to Vijaywada from Vasco, twice in a week. Direct train service from Goa to Bangalore is expected to resume by the end of July 2001. The important rivers Mandovi, Zuari, Sal and Chapora are navigable and provide a network of inland waterways. There are regular air services to Delhi, Bombay, Bangalore, and Cochine by Indian Airlines and other private airlines. Goa’s Dabolim Airport happens to be one of the few destinations in India, where International Charters flights and AIR India and Indian Airlines International flights are allowed to land. Transport and communication including trade, tourism, Hotels and restauant etc. are very important for the state economy which is evident from the fact that contribution to the regional income from this sector is estimated to be more than 20%.

Banking, insurance real estate, ownership of dwelling, public administration and other services account for about 25% of the total regional income of the state.

The Economic Survey 2000-2001 states that the tertiary sector has registered a growth rate of over 10% during the period from 1993-94 to 1999-2000. This growth is mainly due to contribution from trade, hotels & restaurants, banking and insurance sector.

Tourism is one of the important economic activities of Goa State. Construction of Hotels, motels, restaurants, operation of tourist coaches, etc. are eligible for concession finance and other incentives. Goa can boast of some of the beautiful beaches of South East Asia. Beaches, temples, churches, and wild life sanctuaries are famous tourist spots and attract a number of Indian as well as foreign tourists. The demand for declaration of tourism as an industry if implemented will further boost the tourist inflow into Goa resulting in more income to the state as well as enhanced employment opportunities.

Banking facilities are very well developed in the state of Goa. There are 286 branches of various scheduled banks, as on 31^st March 1998, in the state with a deposit of Rs. 62031531 thousands. A sizeable number of 117 branches are there in the cooperative sector. On an average, there is a bank branch for every 3301 persons as per the provisional estimation for the year 1996-97. Credit ratio to the total deposits (C/D ratio) is 31%. The main reason for low C:D ratio is deposits form the NRIs. If deposits from NRIs are excluded, the C:D ratio would shot up to 50%.

Advances to industries by commercial and private banks is to the tune of Rs. 180,47,797 thousand during the year 1999-2000. The share of cooperative banks out of total advances to industries is to the extent of Rs. 975,05,798 thousands for the year 1999-2000.

Further, Economic Development Corporation, Khadi & Village Industry Board, Maharashtra State Finance Corporation supplement the efforts of commercial/cooperative banks in financing various sectors of the economy. Tiny & Cottage sector units are also financed under government sponsored schemes like PMRY, SGSY, RDA etc.

Further, Goa state SC/ST/OBC Finance & Development Corporation and Goa State Social Welfare Board also finance for business, service & industry ventures through their financing schemes aimed at specific target groups.

After liberation and with the introduction of planned economic development, the state has made rapid strides in the field of small industry development. An overview of the growth in the number of registered small-scale units in Goa since 1974 is given in the following table.

It is seen from the above table that since 1974 the growth of small-scale units in the state is phenomenal. Number of small-scale units more than trebled during 1981-90 period. Product wise details of small-scale units established in Goa State as on 31-3-98 are given in the following table on the next page.

It can be seen from the above table that 5949 small-scale units manufacturing various products have been established in Goa state as on 31-3-2000. Among the product groups, units manufacturing food products are predominant group with 1100 units. The next dominant group is metal products and parts wherein 877 units have come up. Paper, Paper products including printing with 497 units & Wood & wood products also with 483 units occupy the third and fourth place respectively. There are 442 units in the category of rubber and plastic products, 398 units are engaged in nonmetallic minerals and 370 units in chemical & allied products. 367 units have come up in the line of electrical equipment and appliances, electronic products, etc.

Investment in machinery & equipment of the small-scale sector is about 25,000 lakhs employment generated by this sector in this state is about 40,000. There is no cluster growth of industries in the state of Goa.

As per the above tables, total number of registered SSI units is nearly 6000. It does not mean that all these registered units are functioning. The Directorate of Industries and Mines, Govt. of Goa, in association with the Goa Small Industries Association, has brought out a Directory of functioning SSI units in the State of Goa. As per the Directory, the total number operating SSI units as at the end of March 1997 was 3,211. During the year 1997-98, 210 units were registered, in 1998-99, 277 units were registered and in the year 1999-2000, 184 units have been registered. If we presume that the units registered during the preceding three years (i.e., 1997-98, 1998-99 & 1999-2000) are functioning, the total number of registered functioning units comes to 3882. The following table gives an idea of registered functioning units, product-wise:

From the above table, it evident that there are 697 units in the Food Products range. Metal products and parts with 550 units occupy the second place. There are 383 units manufacturing paper products including printing and publishing. However, in both the cases, i.e., number of units registered and the number of functioning units, food processing units are leading the table, emphasizing the development of food based industries in the State.

The table throws light on the closure and sickness of SSI units also. Out of almost 6,000 units registered with the Directorate of Industries, more than 2,000 units are non-operative. It means that these units have been closed down their operations or have become sick. Sickness of industries results in building up of capital investment made in fixed assets, which blocks availability of funds for investment for other ventures. Following table gives an idea of sickness in SSI sector:

For the above table it is clear that even though about 2,200 registered units are inoperative, no of units identified by financial institutions/approached by the units is only 220, leaving a big question mark about the remaining units. As pr the above table, even in case of 182 units found to be nonviable, an amount of Rs.1055.98 is blocked.

An office of the Small Industries Service Institute was set up in Goa in the year 1962 in order to render techno-economic and managerial consultancy services to the entrepreneurs of the Goa state. A common facility workshop in general engineering attached to the above office is located in the premises of S.I.S.I., Quepem Road, Opp. Konkan Rly. Stn., Margao.

The services of S.I.S.I. can be broadly classified into 4 viz. (I) Technical consultancy, (ii) Economic Investigation, (iii) Industrial Management & Training, and (iv) Marketing & related services. Various services under technical consultancy are given below:

1. Guidance in setting up small scale industries
2. Preparation of Project Profiles
3. Techno Economic Feasibility Reports
4. Appraisal Reports to Banks
5. Information on machinery, raw materials, process etc. and its source of supply.
6. Preparation of plant guides, modernisation guides, technology transfer documents etc.
7. Inplant study reports.
8. Assessment of capacity of units using controlled raw materials and fuels
9. Seminars, Workshops, Clinics, Awareness Programme and studies on modernisation, technology upgradation, quality control, ISO-9000, BIS certification, pollution control, Energy conservation etc.

Certain services like Techno Economic Feasibility reports, in-plant study reports, assessment reports etc. are chargeable at moderate rates.

A general engineering workshop renders common facility services in various engineering trades like turning, milling, drilling, grinding, power hacksaw, shaping etc. Recently under its modernisation programme the workshop has acquired CNC EMD-Wire cut machine. The workshop undertakes job works from small-scale untis.

In addition, following Skill Development Programmes are conducted in the workshop:

1. Fitters Trade
2. Machine shop Practice

1. Beautician
2. Screen Printing
3. Dress Designing and Fashion Designing
4. Fruit & Vegetable Processing/Preservation
5. Manufacture of Bakery items
6. TV/Audio/Video Repairing/servicing

b) Motivational Campaigns

1. Marketing and sales management
2. Financial management
3. Industrial legislation
4. Production Planning and Control
5. Packaging
6. Export

d) Implementation of prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojna

Training for PMRY beneficiaries.

a) Economic information to set up small scale industries

b) Market information

c) Industrial Potential Survey Reports

d) Industry Survey Reports

e) Sick Unit Study Reports

f) Statistical Information

g) Census/Sample survey of small scale industries

h) Directory of small scale units

i) State Industrial Profile

a) Buyer seller Meet

b) Exhibition of Ancillary products/Ancillary seminars

c) Directory of Ancillary products

d) Single point registration with NSIC

e) Dissemination of market information regarding DGS&D tender bulletins

f) Information regarding trade fairs in India and abroad

g) Sub-contracting Exchange

The Institute is connected to Small Enterprises information and Resource Centre Network through dial up networking. Through this user network, one can access information on technologies, Govt., policies, export import data etc, through in house data base. The SENET also has access to international data banks, Internet and data sharing arrangements with the most of the national level scientific, research & financial organisations.

 Directorate of Industries & Mines, Panaji was formed in Goa in the year 1963 as an apex body to frame polices and to implement the same pertaining to the overall industrial development of state. Disbursement of investment subsidy, margin money loan, financial assistance under state aid to industries, allotments of scarce and controlled raw material quota, import of capital goods and raw materials etc. are looked after by the Directorate. The Directorate has opened a branch office at Margao to look after the interest of South Goa district.

 District Industries Centre, Goa was established in the year 1982. Even after the division of state into two districts, one DIC continues to cater to the interest of both the districts. Issue of provisional & permanent registration certificates, rehabilitation of sick SSI units, extension services, training of entrepreneurs, implementation of PMRY Scheme etc are undertaken by DIC Goa. The details of PMRY Scheme are given below for the year 1999-2000.

Two State Finance Corporations are functioning in the State of Goa. Maharashtra State Finance Corporation (MSFC) has a regional office in Panaji and, the Govt., of Goa has set up Economic Development Corporation (MSFC) has a regional office in Panaji and, the Govt., of Goa has set up Economic Development Corporation (EDC), Ltd., in the year 1973. FDC and MSFC extend financial assistance to medium scale, small scale, tiny and cottage sector industries, hotel projects, transport operators, fishing trawlers, etc. through a number of schemes suiting to different category of entrepreneurs like composite loan scheme, single window scheme, educated unemployed scheme, Technocrat assistance Scheme, soft loan scheme to electronic units, assistance for modernisation of small & medium industries, rehabilitation of sick units, seed capital scheme etc.

The physical performance of MSFC and EDC are given below for the year 1999-2000.

Goa Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) was established by Goa State Government primarily to construct Industrial Estates and to develop industrial plots and industrial areas. So far GIDC has developed 18 industrial estates, constructed more than 700 industrial sheds and developed about 1500 industrial plots. There is at least one industrial estate in all the talukas of the state. Further, a growth centre under integrated infrastructural Development Scheme is under implementation in pernem Taluka in the North Goa district.

Following table gives the estate-wise details of plots, sheds, allotment and availability of plots and sheds, as at the end of March 2000.

* Available plot cannot be used due to HPCL plant

An office each of the KVIB and KVIC are functioning in Goa in order to extend consultancy, financial and marketing support to the industries manufacturing a number of products classified under KVIC.

The physical performance of Margin Money Scheme of KVIB and KVIC for the year 1999-2000 is given in the following table:

A branch office of the National Small Industries Corporation Ltd. Has been functioning in Goa since 1988. NSIC supplies plant & machinery to small-scale units on hire purchase/lease and assists them in marketing through single point registration. NISC also provides raw material assistance, discounting supply bills, provide working capital finance, export development finance, training & technical assistance in prototype development. Performance of NSIC for the year 1999-2000, is given the following table:

* 32 units have been registered under Govt. Purchase Programme so far.

A tool room has been established at Kundaim industrial estate under United Nations Development Progrmme offering training facilities in tool & Die making as well as common facility services in tool & die making to the industrial untis.

Electronic Test & development Centre under Dept. of Electronics Govt. of India is functioning at Pilerne Indl. Estate offering testing facilities and training of manpower required for electronic industry. ETDC conducts training programmes also on topics like ISO 9000, Total quality management etc.

Small Industry Development Bank of India has been assigned the task of being the main purveyor of term finance to small-scale sector in the country. Small scale industrial units, artisans. Village and cottage industrial units in the tiny sector and small road transport operators are extended financial assistance mainly by way of refinance through primary lending institutions (PLIs), viz., State Finance Corporations (SFCs), State Industrial Development Corporations/State Industrial Investment Corporations (SIDCs/SIICs) and Banks. Term loans extended by eligible PLIs to small scale industrial projects, irrespective of the location and form of organisation, are eligible for refinance assistance from SIDBI.

A branch office of SIDBI is functioning at Panaji promotion, financing and development of industries in the small scale sector and for coordinating the functions of other institutions engaged in the similar activities.

Scheme wise sanction and disbursement from SIDBI, Panaji for the financial year 1999-2000 is given in the following table:

The regular and uninterrupted electric power supply is the basis of a strong infrastructure necessary for industrialisation. In the absence of any power generating stations, the state depends on the neighbouring states of Karnataka and Maharastra and National grid for its power requirements. Goa receives power from four main grids i.e. northern, southern, southern, western and eastern. Power is supplied to the state from Korba and Vidyachal NTPC stations. Power is distributed in the state through four major substations located at Porvorim, Ponda, Verna and Xeldm. Though Goa has been allotted 394 MW, due to the distribution constraints, the state has been using only 210 MW. Power breakdown and low voltage problems are the order of the day. The total power requirement of the State is estimated to be 300 MW, thus falling short of 90 MW.

However, the commissioning of the Reliance Salgaonkar Power Project Company Ltd (RSPCL), Goa’s first private power generating plant, helped the state to increase its power capability by another 40 MW, from 210 MW to 250 MW. The plant was commissioned on 5-7-1999 at Sancole.

The Govt. of Goa, in the month of September 2000 notified the Group Captive Power Generation Policy with immediate effect, which would remain in force upto March 2002. The policy is brought into effect with the objective to further the industrial development. The power plants set up under the policy would normally not have a capacity f more than 25 MW and in case of Group Captive generating plant the capacity would not be allowed to exceed 75 MW.

The foundation stone for the Rs.182 Crore-400 KV- Kolhapur- mapusa transmission System, was laid down in the month of September 2000, which is scheduled to be completed within three years. This sub-station facilitates direct touch point from the central Power Grid to Goa. This will in turn improve the current scenario of low voltage and erratic electricity supply. The direct touch point from central power grid through this sub-station would enhance power transfer capacity up to 600 MW.

Goa is endowed with important natural resources like fertile agricultural lands suitable for cultivation of paddy, maize, Jowar, bajra pulses, sugar cane, garden crops like coconut, cashew, arecanut, mangoes, jackfruits, bananas, pineapples etc. Forests, mineral resources like iron ore, manganese, ferro manganese, navigable rivers and long coastline rich in marine wealth and a natural harbour and clean and serene beaches which attract a large number of tourists from both within the country and abroad are the other important material resources. A brief analysis of the above resources will be helpful in identifying suitable products for selling up of Industrial Ventures under S.S. Sector by utilising these resources.

As stated elsewhere in the report agriculture is one of the important activities of the people of the state. 24% of the total work force is engaged in agricultural activities. 171453 hectares i.e. 39% of the total reporting area of 361113 hectares is under cultivation of different crops.

Paddy cultivation occupies the predominant position, which is cultivated to the extent of 56,713 hectares (99-2000) which works out to be 33% of the total cropped area followed by cashew which is cultivated in 53,292 hectares (99-2000) i.e. 37%. Cereals, millets and other pulses are cultivated in 11,427 hectares i.e. 10% of the total cropped area. 24780 hectares i.e. 17% of the cropped area is under coconut cultivation. Arecanul, sugarcane and vegetables are also cultivated in the state, though to a smaller extent. Mango is cultivated in 4,050 hectares, pineapple in 300 hectares and vegetables in 7550 hectares.

The production details of various agricultural crops in the year 1999-2000 are given in the table below:

It is observed that agricultural production in the case of most of the important crops in the state is stagnating over the past 4-5 years. There has also not been any serious attempt to bring more and more area under cultivation. The state is deficient even in the case of paddy, which is predominant in terms of area under cultivation. 75% of the coconut production is consumed locally for domestic purposes and 25% is either sent to Bombay and other parts of Maharashtra state or used for coconut oil extraction. Coconut shell and husk is used as fuel. There is scope for setting up a couple of units for coconut shell powder, desiccated coconut, bottling of tender coconut water, refined coconut oil etc.

Cashew apple is utilized for processing ‘Cashew Feni’ by cottage/ small scale units and cashew nuts are used for processing kernels of sent to Mangalore. There is potential demand for cashew apple feni in neighbouring states and if permitted to market outside Goa, more units can be set up in this state in this line of manufacture. Few more units could be set up in cashew nut processing also for which there is good demand internally, as well as for export purposes.

Mangoes and pineapples are the two important horticultural crops, which are mostly consumed locally, and a small portion is marketed outside the state. A few units for the manufacture of Jam, Jelly, Squashes etc. out of Mango and pineapple may be considered in the state. Sugarcane production has been taken up recently and local production is not even sufficient to cater to the requirement of the only sugar factory in the state and it is reported that supplies from the neighbouring states meet 50% of the cane requirement of this factory.

Though agricultural sector provides livelihood to 24% of the total work force, its contribution together with livestock to the regional income of the state is only 15%. Thus agricultural sector is still at a subsistence level and not much surplus is created for industrial exploitation.

The state of Goa is rich in mineral resources like iron ore, ferro manganese and manganese. The iron ore deposits are concentrated in the northern and central parts in the talukas of Bicholim and Satari which is estimated to be about 150 million tons (50-60% Fe content) of lumpy ore and 250 million tones (60% Fe content) of powdery ore. The annual iron ore production of the state during 97-98 is 17.62 million tons and accounts for more than one third of the country’s production of iron ore. Excepting a very small part used for pelletisation, the entire production of iron ore is exported to various countries. Production of ferro manganese accounts for 20,178 tons during the year 1997-98. During the year 1999-2000, 15.14 mn. Tons of iron ore and 0.14 mn. Tons of manganese ore was exported.

The state of Goa being located in the western coast of India has a coastline extending over 100 kms. and inland waterways of another 250 kms. rich in marine resources. Marine products like prawns and sardines in addition to other varieties are available in plenty in the Goa coastline. Huge shoals of mackerels and sardines regularly visit the shores of Goa and yield bumper catch. These two types of fish account for about 70% of the total catch in the state. Catfish, seer fish, scianeoides etc. are the other important varieties found in Goa. Annual marine fish-catch in Goa is estimated to be 60,075 tons valued at Rs.7,860 lakhs for the year 1999. The inland fish catch is estimated to be 3304 tons valued at Rs.1,156 lakhs for the corresponding year.

Item-wise export of marine products from Goa during 1999-2000 is given in the following table.

In order to increase the fish production, mechanisation has been introduced on a large scale and at present (97-98) there are 1056 mechanised fishing trawlers operating in the region. Besides there are 250 purseiners, 1850 canoes fitted with outboard motors and about 1500 non mechanized trawlers are engaged in fishing in Goa.

The fishing activity has also given a big boost to a number of caning, freezing and other fish processing units in the state. There is scope for setting up of about half a dozen more units in this line mainly to cater to the rising export demand from western European and American nations. A couple of fish oil extraction as well as fish meal manufacturing units can also be set up in the state by utilising the rich fisheries resources.

The state of Goa is endowed with rich forests. As per the recent cadastral survey records available with the land survey department, the area covered under forests is 1052594 hectares, which accounts for about 29% of the total geographical area of the state. Forest areas are confined to the western ghat foothills in the talukas of Sanguem, Satari, Canacona and Quepem and to a lesser extent in the Talukas of Ponda, Pernem and Bicholim. A considerable portion of the forests was subjected to severe damages due to excess cutting and illegal felling of trees.

With the setting up of an independent forest department in 1963, development measures like planting of faster growing species like teak, eucalyptus, bamboo and other species having indl. applications and development of forest roads were taken up. When the forest estates which are now in the conservation stage are fully grown up for exploitation, quite a number of forest based industries could be set up. The Forest resources presently available do not give much scope for developing industries based on these. So far about 5,204 hectares were brought under eucalyptus, more than 9,500 hectares under teak, about 12000 hectares under cashew and 851 hectares under rubber and 768 hectares under casurina plantations. Income form forest produce for the year 1999-2000 is Rs.18,79,421.

Prior to liberation, meat, milk and milk products were being imported from Portugal. After the liberation of this territory, a separate directorate of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services was established and various developmental programmes aimed at rise in milk production, poultry and piggery, provision of overall health care etc. was taken up in a systematic manner. As per the State Govt. estimates, the livestock population consists of 99,568 cattle, 44,674 buffaloes, 89,852 pigs and 76,216 other animals. The livestock population of the state is small in relation to the area and still major part of the state’s requirement of milk and milk products is being met by the Belgaum district of Karnataka State. The cattle development programmes has been intensified to improve production of milk through upgrading and cross breeding to cater to the ever increasing demand for milk and other dairy products. The scheme of Anand pattern of dairy development was initiated in 1963-64 when one pilot pasteurisation plant was established with a capacity to pasteurize 2000 litres of milk. A modern dairy plant was also set up in Curti, Ponda, present capacity of the plant is 75,000 litres a day. The plant is also has the installed capacity to produce 50 MTs of cattle feed per day. A Government poultry farm is functioning at Ela near old Goa in the state with the main objective of providing qualitative. Chicks to the farmers. A marketing organisation has also been set up to provide remunerative market for eggs and poultry produced by the farmer. A piggery farm is functioning at Curti, Ponda to produce qualitative pigs for distribution to farmers for breeding purposes. A slaughter house known as "The Goa Meat Complex" has also been set up at Usgao in Ponda taluka, with an installed capacity to slaughter about 45,000 animals per year. But actually, 84 animals have been slaughtered during 1999-2000. It is seen from the above that resources under animal husbandry is yet to be developed and chances for industries based on the above are not much in the state of Goa.

It is seen from the foregoing columns that primary-producing sectors like agriculture, dairy farming etc. are not much developed in the state of Goa and not much surplus is created for industrial exploitation. It is evident from the fact that Goa is heavily depending upon neighbouring states for rice and the food grains, fruit and vegetables, milk and meat products etc. However, it is revealed during the study that there exists very good scope for development of agriculture, dairy farming etc. To site an example, only 39% of the total reporting area is under cultivation and cultivable waste-land account for 55683 hectares. Further only 36,613 hectares of land is brought under irrigation by means of artificial irrigation facilities. This shows, there is very good scope for bringing more area under cultivation of various crops as well as providing irrigation facilities to large chunk of the area presently under single crop cultivation by constructing dams, canals, bunds, etc. and thereby increase the agricultural production considerably. The Selaulim dam, will be irrigating about 11,749 hectares of land. Tillari Dam, a joint venture of the govt. of Maharashtra and Govt. of Goa will facilitate irrigation for command area of 16,978 hectaries, after its completion. At present, 75% of the work is reported to be completed. Another irrigation project at Anjunem is completed and will be irrigating 2100 hectares of land. A noteworthy increase in the production of prominent agricultural crops like paddy, coconut, ragi, areacanut and horticultural crops etc. will create surplus materials and there will be scope for more industrial units based on the Same. Rice milling, rice/flour mills, instant food mixes based on rice, rice bran oil extraction, cattle feed, paper/cardboard manufacturing units based on rice husk, and paddy straw etc. are some of the products having scope for development under S.S. Sector based on paddy and its by products.

Coconut products are having quite a lot of industrial applications. Once there is sufficient surplus in coconuts and allied products, a number of manufacturing activities like-coconut oil extraction, refining and bottling of coconut water, manufacture of desiccated coconut, defatted coconut gratings, coconut shell powder, activated carbon out of coconut shell, coir defibering, rubberized coir mattresses, handicraft products out of coconut shell and phenol formaldehyde moulding powder etc- can be taken up in the state. Significant rise in horticultural products will give a boost to fruit and vegetable processing, industries such as manufacture of jams, jelly’s syrups, squashes, pickles, chutneys, dehydrated fruits and vegetables, oils and oleoresins from spices, ground species etc. Arecanut processing is a traditional industry employing a number of rural labourers where there is large production of arecanuts. Sufficient production of ragi will stimulate a few units for extracting malt from ragi.

Growth of agricultural sector will also encourage other related industries like mixed fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides formulation, agricultural implements, agro service centres, etc. directly and trade and transportation indirectly.

Dairy farming is one sector, which requires urgent attention of the authorities. The state is deficient in the production of most of the dairy products and depends on the neighbouring states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. As against the daily requirement of about two lakh litres of milk, the actual supply has been to the tune of about 75,000 litres/day and rest of the quantity is being procured from neighbouring states. Expansion of dairy farming will provide employment opportunities to quite a large number of rural folk and it is an additional income for underemployed agricultural labourers and marginal farmers. A few units in the line of milk chilling, me